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Cocaine Addiction
What is Cocaine?
Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug derived from the leaves of the coca plant, primarily found in the Andean region of South America. In the countries now known as Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia, coca, or Erythroxylon coca, has been used as a medicine and stimulant for over 4000 years.
Originally used in Western medicine as an anaesthetic and numbing agent, the 1970s saw cocaine surge in popularity as a highly abused (and expensive), illegal party drug, favoured by celebrities and high-rollers, and used principally for the extreme form of euphoria that it induces.
Cocaine is an intoxicating, central nervous system stimulant, that produces intense feelings of euphoria, increased energy, and heightened alertness. Cocaine typically appears as a fine, white powder, which is most commonly snorted, although it can also be injected or smoked in a form known as crack cocaine.
Is cocaine addictive?
Cocaine is highly addictive. The drug’s ability to rapidly increase dopamine levels in the brain’s reward pathway makes it particularly prone to abuse and addiction. Over time, repeated cocaine use can alter the brain’s chemistry, leading to tolerance (needing more of the drug to achieve the same effect), dependence, and eventually addiction.
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Why do people use cocaine?
People use cocaine for a variety of reasons, including:
Euphoria and pleasure: Cocaine triggers a surge of dopamine in the brain, leading to intense feelings of euphoria, pleasure, and well-being. This high is often short-lived but very powerful.
Increased energy and confidence: Cocaine enhances alertness, energy, and confidence, making users feel more capable and outgoing. This is particularly appealing in social or performance settings.
Curiosity or peer pressure: Many individuals try cocaine out of curiosity or due to peer pressure, especially in environments where drug use is normalised.
Self-medication: Some people use cocaine to cope with underlying mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety, seeking relief from negative emotions or low energy.
Signs and symptoms of cocaine abuse and addiction
Cocaine abuse and addiction can manifest in various physical, behavioural, and psychological symptoms:
Physical symptoms:
Behavioural symptoms:
Psychological symptoms:
Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant that can lead to significant physical, psychological, and social harm. If you or someone you know is struggling with cocaine addiction, reach out to a one of our team of professionals for help.
What are cocaine withdrawal symptoms?
Withdrawal symptoms occur when a person who is dependent on a substance, such as cocaine, stops using it or significantly reduces their intake. These symptoms arise because the body has become accustomed to the presence of the drug, and when it is suddenly removed, the body struggles to function normally.
The duration and intensity of cocaine withdrawal symptoms can vary based on factors such as the length of time the person used cocaine, the amount they typically used, their overall health, and whether they used other substances as well. Withdrawal from cocaine can be particularly challenging due to its intense effects on the brain’s reward system.
Common cocaine withdrawal symptoms include fatigue and exhaustion, intense cravings, irritability and agitation, depression, anxiety, vivid or unpleasant dreams, difficulty concentrating and physical discomfort.
Due to the significant mood swings and depression that can occur during cocaine withdrawal, for some individuals there is a risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviours. This makes medical supervision important during the withdrawal process.
Treatment for cocaine addiction at the rehab centre
Treating cocaine addiction often requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of the disorder.
Ibiza Calm is a specialised clinic that provides cocaine addiction and rehab treatment for individuals who are struggling with cocaine addiction and dependencies. The goal of the treatment is to help individuals understand the underlying causes of their problem and develop the tools and strategies needed to maintain abstinence in the long term.
The rehab centre offers a comprehensive approach to recovery from cocaine addiction, including medical detox, therapy, and support groups. The Ibiza Calm team comprises experienced healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and therapists, who work together to provide the highest level of care and support to each patient.
Key components of cocaine addiction treatment at Ibiza Calm
Residential treatment includes:
Detoxification: Detox – the initial stage of treatment – involves the safe and medically supervised removal of cocaine from the body. While cocaine withdrawal is typically not life-threatening, it can lead to severe psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, irritability, and intense cravings. At Ibiza Calm, this process is overseen by our medical director, Dr Manuel Rodriguez, and a team of highly qualified, licensed, medical professionals.
Medication management: Although there are no medications specifically to treat cocaine dependence, supportive medications may be used to address withdrawal-related symptoms such as low mood, insomnia, or anxiety. Our team includes an on-site psychiatrist who can prescribe and monitor any necessary medications to ensure they are effective and well-tolerated.
Individual therapy: One-to-one therapy with our specialist clinicians helps clients identify the psychological drivers behind their cocaine use, such as trauma, low self-worth, or emotional dysregulation. Together, they work to develop healthier thinking patterns and strategies for long-term recovery.
Group therapy: Facilitated group sessions provide a sense of connection and shared experience, helping clients build communication skills and learn from others who understand the challenges of cocaine addiction.
Education: Clients participate in workshops covering topics including the science of addiction, managing cravings, relapse prevention, boundary setting, emotional regulation, family dynamics, and building a healthy lifestyle – all essential elements for sustained recovery.
Family therapy: Cocaine addiction can create serious strain on family relationships. Our treatment programme includes a weekly online family support group, helping loved ones to better understand the condition, improve communication, and play a meaningful role in recovery from the outset.
Aftercare planning: Ongoing support is critical to long-term success. Before discharge, each client is introduced to our aftercare therapy group and supported in developing a personalised plan that may include further therapy, community meetings such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and lifestyle adjustments. This ensures they feel equipped and supported as they continue their recovery journey.
Crack Cocaine
Crack cocaine, often referred to as “crack,” is a highly potent and addictive form of cocaine. It is created by processing powdered cocaine (cocaine hydrochloride) with water and baking soda (or other substances) to produce a smokable, solid, crystal-like form. The name “crack” comes from the cracking sound it makes when heated.
Crack cocaine produces an immediate and intense high due to its rapid absorption into the bloodstream when smoked. The high is more powerful but shorter-lasting (usually 5 to 10 minutes) compared to powdered cocaine, which can last 30 minutes or more when snorted.
Crack cocaine is generally cheaper and more widely available than powdered cocaine, making it accessible to a broader range of people. This has contributed to its high potential for abuse.
Pink Cocaine
“Pink cocaine” is a misleading term used to describe 2C-B (2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine), a drug often called “tucibi” or “pink cocaine”, named for its colour. It is not actually cocaine, or in any way related to cocaine, despite the misleading name. 2C-B is a synthetic psychedelic drug, with stimulant properties, that belongs to the phenethylamine family.
It produces effects similar to a combination of ecstasy (MDMA) and LSD. It is highly dangerous due to its unpredictable effects, overdose potential, and mental health impact – prolonged use can lead to paranoia, psychosis, or severe mood swings, especially in individuals with underlying mental health issues.
In addition, pink cocaine sold on the street is often mixed with other substances, including ketamine and fentanyl, making it difficult to know exactly what a person is consuming. In some cases, it may not even contain 2C-B but rather dangerous adulterants.
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